10:1 ·This is the family history [L These are the generations; 2:4] of Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah. After the flood ·these three men had sons [L sons were born to them].
10:2 The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai [C ancestor of the Medes], Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
10:3 The sons of Gomer [C ancestor of the Cimmerians] were Ashkenaz [C ancestor of the Scythians], Riphath, and Togarmah.
10:4 The sons of Javan were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim [C ancestor of the people of Cyprus], and ·Rodanim [L Dodanim; see 1 Chr. 1:7].
10:5 ·Those who lived in the lands around the Mediterranean Sea [L The people of the coastlands] ·came [spread] from these sons of Japheth. All the ·families [clans] grew and became different nations, each nation with its own land and its own language.
10:6 The sons of Ham [C ancestors of near neighbors and rivals of Israel] were Cush [C ancestor of the Ethiopians], Mizraim [C ancestor of the Egyptians], Put [C perhaps ancestor of the Libyans], and Canaan.
10:7 The sons of Cush were Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah were Sheba and Dedan [C some of their descendants were the people around the Red Sea and southern Arabia].
10:8 Cush also had a descendant named Nimrod, who became a very powerful man on earth.
10:9 He was a ·great [mighty] hunter before the Lord, which is why people say someone is “like Nimrod, a ·great [mighty] hunter before the Lord.”
10:10 ·At first Nimrod’s kingdom covered [L The beginning of his kingdom was] Babylon, ·Erech [or Uruk], Akkad, and Calneh [C well-known cities in southern Mesopotamia] in the land of ·Babylonia [L Shinar].
10:11 From there he went to Assyria [C in northern Mesopotamia], where he built the cities of Nineveh, ·Rehoboth Ir [or that is a great city], and Calah.
10:12 He also built Resen, the great city between Nineveh and Calah.
10:13 Mizraim [10:6] was the father of the ·Ludites [C probably the Lydians], Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites,
10:14 Pathrusites, Casluhites, and the ·people of Crete [L Caphtorites]. (The Philistines came from the ·Casluhites [or Caphtorites].)
10:15 Canaan [C the son of Ham whom Noah cursed; 9:25–27] was the father of Sidon [C name of a famous coastal city in Syria], his first son, and of Heth [C ancestor of the Hittites, important inhabitants of Asia Minor].
10:16 He was also the father of the Jebusites [C pre-Israelite inhabitants of Jerusalem], Amorites, Girgashites,
10:18 Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites [C peoples who lived in Syria-Palestine before the Israelites]. The ·families [clans] of the Canaanites scattered.
10:19 Their land reached from Sidon to Gerar as far as Gaza, and then to Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.
10:20 All these people were the sons of Ham, and all these ·families [clans] had their own languages, their own lands, and their own nations.
10:21 Shem, Japheth’s older brother, also had sons. One of his descendants was the father of all the sons of Eber [C the Israelites were descended from Shem through Eber].
10:22 The sons of Shem were Elam [C a country east of Mesopotamia], Asshur [C in northern Mesopotamia], Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram [C north of Israel in Syria].
10:23 The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech.
10:24 Arphaxad was the father of Shelah, who was the father of Eber.
10:25 Eber was the father of two sons—one named Peleg [C related to the Hebrew word for “divided”], because the earth was divided during his life, and the other was named Joktan.
10:26 Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,
10:29 Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these people were the sons of Joktan.
10:30 They lived in the area between Mesha and Sephar in the hill country in the East.
10:31 These are the people from the ·family [clans] of Shem, arranged by ·families [clans], languages, countries, and nations.
10:32 This is the list of the ·families [clans] from the sons of Noah, arranged according to their nations. From these ·families [clans] came all the nations who ·spread [branched out] across the earth after the flood.
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