1:1 These are the words of Amos, one of the shepherds from the town of Tekoa [C a small town in the highlands of Judah, ten miles south of Jerusalem]. ·He saw this vision about [L …which he saw concerning] Israel two years before the earthquake [Zech. 14:5]. ·It was at the time […L in the days when] Uzziah was king of Judah [C ruled 769–733 bc] and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel [C ruled 800–784 bc].
1:2 Amos said, “The Lord will roar [Joel 3:16] from ·Jerusalem [L Zion; C the location of the Temple]; he ·will send his voice [or thunders; bellows; L gives his voice] from Jerusalem. The pastures of the shepherds will ·become dry [or mourn], and even the top of Mount Carmel [9:3] will ·dry up [wither].”
1:3 This is what the Lord says: “For ·the many [L three, even four] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Damascus, I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve]. They ·drove over [beat down; L threshed] the people of Gilead with threshing boards ·that had iron teeth [L of iron].
1:4 So I will send fire upon the house of Hazael [C the royal dynasty of Syria (Aram), founded by Hazael (842–796 bc); 2 Kin. 8:7–15] that will destroy the strong towers of Ben-Hadad [C either Hazael’s predecessor (whom he assassinated), or Hazael’s son, who took the same name].
1:5 I will break down the bar of the gate to Damascus [C the huge beam used to lock the gate] and destroy the ·king who is in [or the inhabitants of; L the one who sits/dwells in] the Valley of ·Aven [or Wickedness; Hos. 4:15], as well as the ·leader [L one who holds the scepter] of Beth Eden [C either Bit Adini, a city-state near the Euphrates, or a mocking name for Damascus, meaning “city of delight”]. The people of ·Aram [Syria] will be taken captive to the country of Kir [C where the Syrians originated (9:7); ironically, they would return there as captives; 2 Kin. 16:9],” says the Lord.
1:6 This is what the Lord says: “For ·the many [L three, even four; v. 3] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Gaza, I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve]. They sold ·all the people of one area [whole communities] ·as slaves [into captivity] to Edom.
1:7 So I will send a fire on the walls of Gaza that will ·destroy [devour; consume] the city’s ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces].
1:8 I will destroy the ·king [or inhabitants; L the one who sits; v. 5] of the city of Ashdod, as well as the ·leader [L one who holds the scepter] of Ashkelon. Then I will turn [L my hand] against ·the people of the city of Ekron [L Ekron], and the ·last [rest; remnant] of the Philistines will ·die [perish],” says the Lord God.
1:9 This is what the Lord says: “For ·the many [L three, even four; vv. 3, 6] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Tyre, I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve]. They sold ·all the people of one area [whole communities] ·as slaves to Edom [into captivity], and they forgot the ·agreement among relatives they had made with Israel [L covenant/treaty of brotherhood].
1:10 So I will send fire on the walls of Tyre that will ·destroy [devour; consume] the city’s ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces].”
1:11 This is what the Lord says: “For ·the many [L three, even four; vv. 3, 6, 9] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Edom, I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve]. ·They hunted down their relatives, the Israelites, [L He pursued his brother; C Esau (Edom) was the brother of Jacob/Israel and so the Israelites were related to the Edomites] with the sword, ·showing them no mercy [or wiping out their allies; or destroying their women]. ·They were angry all the time [His anger raged unceasingly] and ·kept on being very angry [L he preserved his wrath forever].
1:12 So I will send fire on the city of Teman that will even ·destroy [consume; devour] the ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] of Bozrah [C the whole country; Teman was in northern Edom and Bozrah in the south].”
1:13 This is what the Lord says: “For ·the many [L three, even four; vv. 3, 6, 9, 11] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Ammon, I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve]. They ripped open the pregnant women in Gilead ·so they could take over that land and make their own country larger [L to enlarge their borders].
1:14 So I will send fire on the city wall of Rabbah that will ·destroy [consume; devour] its ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces]. ·It will come during [L Amid shouting/war cries on] a day of battle, during a stormy day with ·strong winds [a whirlwind].
1:15 Then their king will be taken ·captive [into exile]; he and his ·leaders [officials; princes] will all be taken away together,” says the Lord.
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