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Alif-Siin-Fa
to be sad, grieved about, afflicted with, regret, become angry, rising/swelling of the heart (from desire of vengeance), when used against an inferior it is anger and when against a superior it is grief.
asifa
vb. (1) n.vb.
12:84
وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُمْ وَقَالَ يَا أَسَفَى عَلَى يُوسُفَ وَابْيَضَّتْ عَيْنَاه ُُ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ فَهُوَ كَظِيم ٌ
Wa Tawallá `Anhum Wa Qāla Yā 'Asafá `Alá Yūsufa Wa AbyaĐĐat `Aynāhu Mina Al-Ĥuzni Fahuwa Kažīmun
And he turned away from them and said: "Oh, my sorrow over Joseph." And his eyes turned white from sadness, and he became blind.
18:6
فَلَعَلَّكَ بَاخِع ٌ نَفْسَكَ عَلَى آثَارِهِمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَسَفا ً
Fala`allaka Bākhi`un Nafsaka `Alá 'Āthārihim 'In Lam Yu'uminū Bihadhā Al-Ĥadīthi 'Asafāan
Perhaps you will torment yourself in grief over them, because they will not believe in this narrative at all.
asif
n.m.
7:150
وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ مُوسَى إِلَى قَوْمِه ِِ غَضْبَانَ أَسِفا ً قَالَ بِئْسَمَا خَلَفْتُمُونِي مِنْ بَعْدِي أَعَجِلْتُمْ أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ وَأَلْقَى الأَلْوَاحَ وَأَخَذَ بِرَأْسِ أَخِيه ِِ يَجُرُّهُ~ ُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ ابْنَ أُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ اسْتَضْعَفُونِي وَكَادُوا يَقْتُلُونَنِي فَلاَ تُشْمِتْ بِيَ الأَعْدَاءَ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْنِي مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
Wa Lammā Raja`a Mūsá 'Ilá Qawmihi GhaĐbāna 'Asifāan Qāla Bi'samā Khalaftumūnī Min Ba`dī 'A`ajiltum 'Amra Rabbikum Wa 'Alqá Al-'Alwāĥa Wa 'Akhadha Bira'si 'Akhīhi Yajurruhu 'Ilayhi Qāla Abna 'Umma 'Inna Al-Qawma AstaĐ`afūnī Wa Kādū Yaqtulūnanī Falā Tushmit Biya Al-'A`dā'a Wa Lā Taj`alnī Ma`a Al-Qawmi Až-žālimīna
And when Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved, he said: "Miserable is what you have done after I was gone; do you wish to hasten the action of your Lord?" And he cast down the tablets, and took his brother by his head dragging him towards him. He said: "Son of my mother, the people overpowered me and nearly killed me, so do not make the enemies rejoice over me, and do not make me with the wicked people."
20:86
فَرَجَعَ مُوسَى إِلَى قَوْمِه ِِ غَضْبَانَ أَسِفا ً قَالَ يَاقَوْمِ أَلَمْ يَعِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ وَعْداً حَسَناً أَفَطَالَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْعَهْدُ أَمْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ يَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَب ٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُمْ مَوْعِدِي
Faraja`a Mūsá 'Ilá Qawmihi GhaĐbāna 'Asifāan Qāla Yā Qawmi 'Alam Ya`idkum Rabbukum Wa`dāan Ĥasanāan 'Afaţāla `Alaykumu Al-`Ahdu 'Am 'Aradtum 'An Yaĥilla `Alaykum GhaĐabun Min Rabbikum Fa'akhlaftum Maw`idī
So Moses returned to his people angry and disappointed. He said: "My people, did not your Lord promise you a good promise? Has the waiting for the pledge been too long, or did you want that the wrath of your Lord be upon you? Thus you broke the promise with me."
asafa
vb. (4) perf. act.
43:55
فَلَمَّا آسَفُونَا انتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
Falammā 'Āsafūnā Antaqamnā Minhum Fa'aghraqnāhum 'Ajma`īna
So when they persisted in opposing Us, We sought revenge from them, and drowned them all.
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In their formulation we have drawn from the work of ...
Hans Wehr Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar All the believers at www.studyquran.org