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Alif-Lam-Lam
Pact, covenant; blood relationship, consanguinity; Anything which has a quality requiring it to be regarded as sacred, or inviolable; which has some right pertaining to it, nearness with respect to kindred, good origin, promise or an assurance of safety or security, neighbour, bond.
illan
n.m.
9:8
كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ لاَ يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلاّ ً وَلاَ ذِمَّة ً يُرْضُونَكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَى قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ
Kayfa Wa 'In Yažharū `Alaykum Lā Yarqubū Fīkum 'Illāan Wa Lā Dhimmatan YurĐūnakum Bi'afwāhihim Wa Ta'bá Qulūbuhum Wa 'Aktharuhum Fāsiqūna
How is it that when they come upon you they disregard all ties, either those of kinship or of pledge. They seek to please you with their words, but their hearts deny, and the majority of them are wicked.
illati
relative pronoun
9:10
لاَ يَرْقُبُونَ فِي مُؤْمِن ٍ إِلاّ ً وَلاَ ذِمَّة ً وَأُوْلَائِكَ هُمُ الْمُعْتَدُونَ
Lā Yarqubūna Fī Mu'uminin 'Illāan Wa Lā Dhimmatan Wa 'Ūlā'ika Humu Al-Mu`tadūna
They do not respect those who are believers, nor a kinship, nor a pledge. These are the transgressors.
4:15
وَاللاَّتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَة ً مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلا ً
Wa Al-Lātī Ya'tīna Al-Fāĥishata Min Nisā'ikum Fāstash/hidū `Alayhinna 'Arba`atan Minkum Fa'in Shahidū Fa'amsikūhunna Fī Al-Buyūti Ĥattá Yatawaffāhunna Al-Mawtu 'Aw Yaj`ala Allāhu Lahunna Sabīlāan
And those of your women who commit lewdness, you shall bring four witnesses over them from among you; if they bear witness, then you shall restrict them in the homes until death terminates their lives, or God makes for them a way out.
4:23
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالاَتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللاَّتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللاَّتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللاَّتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلاَئِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلاَبِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الأُخْتَيْنِ إِلاَّ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورا ً رَحِيما ً
Ĥurrimat `Alaykum 'Ummahātukum Wa Banātukum Wa 'Akhawātukum Wa `Ammātukum Wa Khālātukum Wa Banātu Al-'Akhi Wa Banātu Al-'Ukhti Wa 'Ummahātukumu Al-Lātī 'ArĐa`nakum Wa 'Akhawātukum Mina Ar-RaĐā`ati Wa 'Ummahātu Nisā'ikum Wa Rabā'ibukumu Al-Lātī Fī Ĥujūrikum Min Nisā'ikumu Al-Lātī Dakhaltum Bihinna Fa'in Lam Takūnū Dakhaltum Bihinna Falā Junāĥa `Alaykum Wa Ĥalā'ilu 'Abnā'ikumu Al-Ladhīna Min 'Aşlābikum Wa 'An Tajma`ū Bayna Al-'Ukhtayni 'Illā Mā Qad Salafa 'Inna Allāha Kāna Ghafūrāan Raĥīmāan
Forbidden for you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and the sisters of your father, and the sisters of your mother, and the daughters of your brother, and the daughters of your sister, and your foster mothers who suckled you, and your sisters from suckling, and the mothers of your women, and your step-daughters who are in your lodgings from your women with whom you have already consummated the marriage; if you have not consummated the marriage then there is no sin upon you; and those who were in wedlock with your sons who are from your seed, and that you join between two sisters except what has already been done. God is Forgiving, Merciful.
4:23
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالاَتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللاَّتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللاَّتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللاَّتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلاَئِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلاَبِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الأُخْتَيْنِ إِلاَّ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورا ً رَحِيما ً
Ĥurrimat `Alaykum 'Ummahātukum Wa Banātukum Wa 'Akhawātukum Wa `Ammātukum Wa Khālātukum Wa Banātu Al-'Akhi Wa Banātu Al-'Ukhti Wa 'Ummahātukumu Al-Lātī 'ArĐa`nakum Wa 'Akhawātukum Mina Ar-RaĐā`ati Wa 'Ummahātu Nisā'ikum Wa Rabā'ibukumu Al-Lātī Fī Ĥujūrikum Min Nisā'ikumu Al-Lātī Dakhaltum Bihinna Fa'in Lam Takūnū Dakhaltum Bihinna Falā Junāĥa `Alaykum Wa Ĥalā'ilu 'Abnā'ikumu Al-Ladhīna Min 'Aşlābikum Wa 'An Tajma`ū Bayna Al-'Ukhtayni 'Illā Mā Qad Salafa 'Inna Allāha Kāna Ghafūrāan Raĥīmāan
Forbidden for you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and the sisters of your father, and the sisters of your mother, and the daughters of your brother, and the daughters of your sister, and your foster mothers who suckled you, and your sisters from suckling, and the mothers of your women, and your step-daughters who are in your lodgings from your women with whom you have already consummated the marriage; if you have not consummated the marriage then there is no sin upon you; and those who were in wedlock with your sons who are from your seed, and that you join between two sisters except what has already been done. God is Forgiving, Merciful.
4:23
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالاَتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللاَّتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللاَّتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللاَّتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلاَئِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلاَبِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الأُخْتَيْنِ إِلاَّ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورا ً رَحِيما ً
Ĥurrimat `Alaykum 'Ummahātukum Wa Banātukum Wa 'Akhawātukum Wa `Ammātukum Wa Khālātukum Wa Banātu Al-'Akhi Wa Banātu Al-'Ukhti Wa 'Ummahātukumu Al-Lātī 'ArĐa`nakum Wa 'Akhawātukum Mina Ar-RaĐā`ati Wa 'Ummahātu Nisā'ikum Wa Rabā'ibukumu Al-Lātī Fī Ĥujūrikum Min Nisā'ikumu Al-Lātī Dakhaltum Bihinna Fa'in Lam Takūnū Dakhaltum Bihinna Falā Junāĥa `Alaykum Wa Ĥalā'ilu 'Abnā'ikumu Al-Ladhīna Min 'Aşlābikum Wa 'An Tajma`ū Bayna Al-'Ukhtayni 'Illā Mā Qad Salafa 'Inna Allāha Kāna Ghafūrāan Raĥīmāan
Forbidden for you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and the sisters of your father, and the sisters of your mother, and the daughters of your brother, and the daughters of your sister, and your foster mothers who suckled you, and your sisters from suckling, and the mothers of your women, and your step-daughters who are in your lodgings from your women with whom you have already consummated the marriage; if you have not consummated the marriage then there is no sin upon you; and those who were in wedlock with your sons who are from your seed, and that you join between two sisters except what has already been done. God is Forgiving, Merciful.
4:127
وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِسَاء قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِسَاء اللاَّتِي لاَ تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنكِحُوهُنَّ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْوِلْدَانِ وَأَنْ تَقُومُوا لِلْيَتَامَى بِالْقِسْطِ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْر ٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِه ِِ عَلِيما ً
Wa Yastaftūnaka Fī An-Nisā' Quli Allāhu Yuftīkum Fīhinna Wa Mā Yutlá `Alaykum Fī Al-Kitābi Fī Yatāmá An-Nisā' Al-Lātī Lā Tu'utūnahunna Mā Kutiba Lahunna Wa Targhabūna 'An Tankiĥūhunna Wa Al-MustaĐ`afīna Mina Al-Wildāni Wa 'An Taqūmū Lilyatāmá Bil-Qisţi Wa Mā Taf`alū Min Khayrin Fa'inna Allāha Kāna Bihi `Alīmāan
And they seek a ruling regarding the women, say: "God will give you a ruling regarding them and what is being recited to you in the Book regarding the orphans' mothers whom you wish to marry but have not given them what was decreed for them, and the oppressed from the children: That you stand for the orphans in equality." Whatever good you do, then God is aware of it.
12:50
وَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ ائْتُونِي بِه ِِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ الرَّسُولُ قَالَ ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ مَا بَالُ النِّسْوَةِ اللاَّتِي قَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ إِنَّ رَبِّي بِكَيْدِهِنَّ عَلِيم ٌ
Wa Qāla Al-Maliku A'tūnī Bihi Falammā Jā'ahu Ar-Rasūlu Qāla Arji` 'Ilá Rabbika Fās'alhu Mā Bālu An-Niswati Al-Lātī Qaţţa`na 'Aydiyahunna 'Inna Rabbī Bikaydihinna `Alīmun
And the king said: "Bring him to me." So when the messenger came to him, he said: "Go back to your lord and ask him what was the matter regarding the women who cut their hands? Indeed, my Lord is aware of their plans."
24:60
وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِسَاء اللاَّتِي لاَ يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحا ً فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَات ٍ بِزِينَة ٍ وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْر ٌ لَهُنَّ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيم ٌ
Wa Al-Qawā`idu Mina An-Nisā' Al-Lātī Lā Yarjūna Nikāĥāan Falaysa `Alayhinna Junāĥun 'An YaĐa`na Thiyābahunna Ghayra Mutabarrijātin Bizīnatin Wa 'An Yasta`fifna Khayrun Lahunna Wa Allāhu Samī`un `Alīmun
And the women who are past child bearing, who no longer seek to get married, have no sin upon them if they put-off their garments, provided they are not adorned for beauty. And if they remain as they were, then it is better for them. God is Hearer, Knower.
33:4
مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُل ٍ مِنْ قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِه ِِ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزْوَاجَكُمُ اللاَّئِي تُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ
Mā Ja`ala Allāhu Lirajulin Min Qalbayni Fī Jawfihi Wa Mā Ja`ala 'Azwājakumu Al-Lā'ī Tužāhirūna Minhunna 'Ummahātikum Wa Mā Ja`ala 'Ad`iyā'akum 'Abnā'akum Dhālikum Qawlukum Bi'afwāhikum Wa Allāhu Yaqūlu Al-Ĥaqqa Wa Huwa Yahdī As-Sabīla
God did not make any man with two hearts in his body. Nor did He make your wives whom you make estranged to be your mothers. Nor did He make your adopted children to be your sons. Such is what you claim with your mouths, but God speaks the truth, and He guides to the path.
33:50
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللاَّتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالاَتِكَ اللاَّتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَامْرَأَة ً مُؤْمِنَة ً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنكِحَهَا خَالِصَة ً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ لِكَيْلاَ يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَج ٌ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورا ً رَحِيما ً
Yā 'Ayyuhā An-Nabīyu 'Innā 'Aĥlalnā Laka 'Azwājaka Al-Lātī 'Ātayta 'Ujūrahunna Wa Mā Malakat Yamīnuka Mimmā 'Afā'a Allāhu `Alayka Wa Banāti `Ammika Wa Banāti `Ammātika Wa Banāti Khālika Wa Banāti Khālātika Al-Lātī Hājarna Ma`aka Wa Amra'atan Mu'uminatan 'In Wahabat Nafsahā Lilnnabīyi 'In 'Arāda An-Nabīyu 'An Yastankiĥahā Khālişatan Laka Min Dūni Al-Mu'uminīna Qad `Alimnā Mā FaraĐnā `Alayhim Fī 'Azwājihim Wa Mā Malakat 'Aymānuhum Likaylā Yakūna `Alayka Ĥarajun Wa Kāna Allāhu Ghafūrāan Raĥīmāan
O prophet, We have made lawful for you the wives to whom you have already given their dowries, and those who are maintained by your oath, as granted to you by God; and the daughters of the brothers of your father, and the daughters of the sisters of your father, and the daughters of the brothers of your mother, and the daughters of the sisters of your mother - those who emigrated with you. Also, the believing woman who had decreed herself to the prophet, the prophet may marry her if he wishes, as a privilege given only to you and not to the believers. We have already decreed their rights in regard to their spouses and those who are maintained by their oaths. This is to spare you any hardship. God is Forgiver, Merciful.
33:50
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللاَّتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالاَتِكَ اللاَّتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَامْرَأَة ً مُؤْمِنَة ً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنكِحَهَا خَالِصَة ً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ لِكَيْلاَ يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَج ٌ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورا ً رَحِيما ً
Yā 'Ayyuhā An-Nabīyu 'Innā 'Aĥlalnā Laka 'Azwājaka Al-Lātī 'Ātayta 'Ujūrahunna Wa Mā Malakat Yamīnuka Mimmā 'Afā'a Allāhu `Alayka Wa Banāti `Ammika Wa Banāti `Ammātika Wa Banāti Khālika Wa Banāti Khālātika Al-Lātī Hājarna Ma`aka Wa Amra'atan Mu'uminatan 'In Wahabat Nafsahā Lilnnabīyi 'In 'Arāda An-Nabīyu 'An Yastankiĥahā Khālişatan Laka Min Dūni Al-Mu'uminīna Qad `Alimnā Mā FaraĐnā `Alayhim Fī 'Azwājihim Wa Mā Malakat 'Aymānuhum Likaylā Yakūna `Alayka Ĥarajun Wa Kāna Allāhu Ghafūrāan Raĥīmāan
O prophet, We have made lawful for you the wives to whom you have already given their dowries, and those who are maintained by your oath, as granted to you by God; and the daughters of the brothers of your father, and the daughters of the sisters of your father, and the daughters of the brothers of your mother, and the daughters of the sisters of your mother - those who emigrated with you. Also, the believing woman who had decreed herself to the prophet, the prophet may marry her if he wishes, as a privilege given only to you and not to the believers. We have already decreed their rights in regard to their spouses and those who are maintained by their oaths. This is to spare you any hardship. God is Forgiver, Merciful.
58:2
الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ مَا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلاَّ اللاَّئِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرا ً مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورا ً وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُور ٌ
Al-Ladhīna Yužāhirūna Minkum Min Nisā'ihim Mā Hunna 'Ummahātihim 'In 'Ummahātuhum 'Illā Al-Lā'ī Waladnahum Wa 'Innahum Layaqūlūna Munkarāan Mina Al-Qawli Wa Zūrāan Wa 'Inna Allāha La`afūwun Ghafūrun
Those among you who have estranged their women; they can never be made as their mothers, for their mothers are those who gave birth to them. Indeed, they are uttering what is strange and a falsehood. And God is Pardoner, Forgiver.
65:4
وَاللاَّئِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلاَثَةُ أَشْهُر ٍ وَاللاَّئِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَأُوْلاَتُ الأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَه ُُ مِنْ أَمْرِه ِِ يُسْرا ً
Wa Al-Lā'ī Ya'isna Mina Al-MaĥīĐi Min Nisā'ikum 'Ini Artabtum Fa`iddatuhunna Thalāthatu 'Ash/hurin Wa Al-Lā'ī Lam YaĥiĐna Wa 'Ūlātu Al-'Aĥmāli 'Ajaluhunna 'An YaĐa`na Ĥamlahunna Wa Man Yattaqi Allāha Yaj`al Lahu Min 'Amrihi Yusrāan
As for those who have reached menopause from your women, if you have any doubts, their interim shall be three months - as well as for those who did not menstruate. And those who are already pregnant, their interim is until they give birth. And anyone who reverences God, He makes his matters easy for him.
65:4
وَاللاَّئِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلاَثَةُ أَشْهُر ٍ وَاللاَّئِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَأُوْلاَتُ الأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَه ُُ مِنْ أَمْرِه ِِ يُسْرا ً
Wa Al-Lā'ī Ya'isna Mina Al-MaĥīĐi Min Nisā'ikum 'Ini Artabtum Fa`iddatuhunna Thalāthatu 'Ash/hurin Wa Al-Lā'ī Lam YaĥiĐna Wa 'Ūlātu Al-'Aĥmāli 'Ajaluhunna 'An YaĐa`na Ĥamlahunna Wa Man Yattaqi Allāha Yaj`al Lahu Min 'Amrihi Yusrāan
As for those who have reached menopause from your women, if you have any doubts, their interim shall be three months - as well as for those who did not menstruate. And those who are already pregnant, their interim is until they give birth. And anyone who reverences God, He makes his matters easy for him.
Acknowledgements:
IslamAwakened would like to thank all those who made these Root Pages possible.
In their formulation we have drawn from the work of ...
Hans Wehr
Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar
All the believers at www.studyquran.org