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Alif-Ba-Ya
refuse/refrain/abstain voluntarily, held back, disagree/reject/dislike/disapprove/hate, incompliant/unyielding/resistant.
aba
vb. (1) perf. act.
2:34
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِأدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ
Wa 'Idh Qulnā Lilmalā'ikati Asjudū Li'dama Fasajadū 'Illā 'Iblīsa 'Abá Wa Astakbara Wa Kāna Mina Al-Kāfirīna
And We said to the angels: "Yield to Adam," so they yielded except for Satan, he refused and became arrogant, and became of the rejecters.
15:31
إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ
'Illā 'Iblīsa 'Abá 'An Yakūna Ma`a As-Sājidīna
Except for Satan, he refused to be of those who yielded.
17:89
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَل ٍ فَأَبَى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلاَّ كُفُورا ً
Wa Laqad Şarrafnā Lilnnāsi Fī Hādhā Al-Qur'āni Min Kulli Mathalin Fa'abá 'Aktharu An-Nāsi 'Illā Kufūrāan
And We have dispatched to the people in this Qur'an from every example, but most of the people refuse to be anything but rejecters!
17:99
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُمْ وَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ أَجَلا ً لاَ رَيْبَ فِيه ِِ فَأَبَى الظَّالِمُونَ إِلاَّ كُفُورا ً
'Awalam Yaraw 'Anna Allāha Al-Ladhī Khalaqa As-Samāwāti Wa Al-'ArĐa Qādirun `Alá 'An Yakhluqa Mithlahum Wa Ja`ala Lahum 'Ajalāan Lā Rayba Fīhi Fa'abá Až-žālimūna 'Illā Kufūrāan
Did they not see that God who has created the heavens and the earth is able to create their like? And He has made an appointed time for them in which there is no doubt. But the wicked refuse anything except rejection.
18:77
فَانطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَة ٍ اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارا ً يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَه ُُ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لاَتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرا ً
Fānţalaqā Ĥattá 'Idhā 'Atayā 'Ahla Qaryatin Astaţ`amā 'Ahlahā Fa'abaw 'An YuĐayyifūhumā Fawajadā Fīhā Jidārāan Yurīdu 'An YanqaĐĐa Fa'aqāmahu Qāla Law Shi'ta Lāttakhadhta `Alayhi 'Ajrāan
So they ventured forth until they came to the people of a town. They requested food from its people but they refused to host them. Then they found a wall which was close to collapsing, so he built it. He said: "If you had wished, you could have asked a wage for it!"
20:56
وَلَقَدْ أَرَيْنَاهُ آيَاتِنَا كُلَّهَا فَكَذَّبَ وَأَبَى
Wa Laqad 'Araynāhu 'Āyātinā Kullahā Fakadhdhaba Wa 'Abá
And We showed him Our signs, all of them, but he denied and refused.
20:116
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِأدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى
Wa 'Idh Qulnā Lilmalā'ikati Asjudū Li'dama Fasajadū 'Illā 'Iblīsa 'Abá
And We said to the angels: "Yield to Adam." They all yielded except for Satan, he refused.
25:50
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَاه ُُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا فَأَبَى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلاَّ كُفُورا ً
Wa Laqad Şarrafnāhu Baynahum Liyadhdhakkarū Fa'abá 'Aktharu An-Nāsi 'Illā Kufūrāan
And We have distributed it among them so that they may remember, but most of the people refuse to be anything but rejecters.
33:72
إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الإِنْسَانُ إِنَّه ُُ كَانَ ظَلُوما ً جَهُولا ً
'Innā `AraĐnā Al-'Amānata `Alá As-Samāwāti Wa Al-'ArĐi Wa Al-Jibāli Fa'abayna 'An Yaĥmilnahā Wa 'Ashfaqna Minhā Wa Ĥamalahā Al-'Insānu 'Innahu Kāna žalūmāan Jahūlāan
We have offered the trust to the heavens and the earth, and the mountains, but they refused to bear it, and were fearful of it. But man accepted it; he was transgressing, ignorant.
impf. act.
2:282
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنتُمْ بِدَيْن ٍ إِلَى أَجَل ٍ مُسَمّى ً فَاكْتُبُوه ُُ وَلْيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِب ٌ بِالْعَدْلِ وَلاَ يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّه ُُ وَلاَ يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئا ً فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهاً أَوْ ضَعِيفاً أَوْ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّه ُُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُل ٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى وَلاَ يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا وَلاَ تَسْأَمُوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوه ُُ صَغِيراً أَوْ كَبِيرا ً إِلَى أَجَلِه ِِ ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلاَّ تَرْتَابُوا إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَة ً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلاَّ تَكْتُبُوهَا وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ وَلاَ يُضَارَّ كَاتِب ٌ وَلاَ شَهِيد ٌ وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّه ُُ فُسُوق ٌ بِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيم ٌ
Yā 'Ayyuhā Al-Ladhīna 'Āmanū 'Idhā Tadāyantum Bidaynin 'Ilá 'Ajalin Musammáan Fāktubūhu Wa Līaktub Baynakum Kātibun Bil-`Adli Wa Lā Ya'ba Kātibun 'An Yaktuba Kamā `Allamahu Allāhu Falyaktub Wa Līumlili Al-Ladhī `Alayhi Al-Ĥaqqu Wa Līattaqi Allāha Rabbahu Wa Lā Yabkhas Minhu Shay'āan Fa'in Kāna Al-Ladhī `Alayhi Al-Ĥaqqu Safīhāan 'Aw Đa`īfāan 'Aw Lā Yastaţī`u 'An Yumilla Huwa Falyumlil Walīyuhu Bil-`Adli Wa Astash/hidū Shahīdayni Min Rijālikum Fa'in Lam Yakūnā Rajulayni Farajulun Wa Amra'atāni Mimman TarĐawna Mina Ash-Shuhadā'i 'An TaĐilla 'Iĥdāhumā Fatudhakkira 'Iĥdāhumā Al-'Ukhrá Wa Lā Ya'ba Ash-Shuhadā'u 'Idhā Mā Du`ū Wa Lā Tas'amū 'An Taktubūhu Şaghīrāan 'Aw Kabīrāan 'Ilá 'Ajalihi Dhālikum 'Aqsaţu `Inda Allāhi Wa 'Aqwamu Lilshshahādati Wa 'Adná 'Allā Tartābū 'Illā 'An Takūna Tijāratan ĤāĐiratan Tudīrūnahā Baynakum Falaysa `Alaykum Junāĥun 'Allā Taktubūhā Wa 'Ash/hidū 'Idhā Tabāya`tum Wa Lā YuĐārra Kātibun Wa Lā Shahīdun Wa 'In Taf`alū Fa'innahu Fusūqun Bikum Wa Attaqū Allāha Wa Yu`allimukumu Allāhu Wa Allāhu Bikulli Shay'in `Alīmun
O you who believe, if you borrow for a future period, then you shall record it. And let a scribe of justice record it for you; and let not the scribe refuse to record as God has taught him. Let him record and let the person who is borrowing dictate to him, and let him be aware of God, and let him not reduce from it anything. If the one who is borrowing is immature or weak or he cannot dictate himself, then let his guardian dictate with justice; and bring two witnesses from among your men; if there are not two men, then a man and two women from whom you will accept their testimony, so that if one of them becomes blindsided, then the one can remind the other. And let the witnesses not refuse to come if they are called. And do not fail to record it no matter how small or large until its maturity. That is more just with God and better for the testimony, and better that you do not have doubts; except if it is a trade to be done on the spot between you, then there is no sin upon you if you do not record it. And have evidence if you trade. No scribe shall be harmed nor any witness; for if you do so then it is a wickedness on your part, and be aware of God and God teaches you and God is aware of all things.
2:282
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنتُمْ بِدَيْن ٍ إِلَى أَجَل ٍ مُسَمّى ً فَاكْتُبُوه ُُ وَلْيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِب ٌ بِالْعَدْلِ وَلاَ يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّه ُُ وَلاَ يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئا ً فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهاً أَوْ ضَعِيفاً أَوْ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّه ُُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُل ٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى وَلاَ يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا وَلاَ تَسْأَمُوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوه ُُ صَغِيراً أَوْ كَبِيرا ً إِلَى أَجَلِه ِِ ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلاَّ تَرْتَابُوا إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَة ً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلاَّ تَكْتُبُوهَا وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ وَلاَ يُضَارَّ كَاتِب ٌ وَلاَ شَهِيد ٌ وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّه ُُ فُسُوق ٌ بِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيم ٌ
Yā 'Ayyuhā Al-Ladhīna 'Āmanū 'Idhā Tadāyantum Bidaynin 'Ilá 'Ajalin Musammáan Fāktubūhu Wa Līaktub Baynakum Kātibun Bil-`Adli Wa Lā Ya'ba Kātibun 'An Yaktuba Kamā `Allamahu Allāhu Falyaktub Wa Līumlili Al-Ladhī `Alayhi Al-Ĥaqqu Wa Līattaqi Allāha Rabbahu Wa Lā Yabkhas Minhu Shay'āan Fa'in Kāna Al-Ladhī `Alayhi Al-Ĥaqqu Safīhāan 'Aw Đa`īfāan 'Aw Lā Yastaţī`u 'An Yumilla Huwa Falyumlil Walīyuhu Bil-`Adli Wa Astash/hidū Shahīdayni Min Rijālikum Fa'in Lam Yakūnā Rajulayni Farajulun Wa Amra'atāni Mimman TarĐawna Mina Ash-Shuhadā'i 'An TaĐilla 'Iĥdāhumā Fatudhakkira 'Iĥdāhumā Al-'Ukhrá Wa Lā Ya'ba Ash-Shuhadā'u 'Idhā Mā Du`ū Wa Lā Tas'amū 'An Taktubūhu Şaghīrāan 'Aw Kabīrāan 'Ilá 'Ajalihi Dhālikum 'Aqsaţu `Inda Allāhi Wa 'Aqwamu Lilshshahādati Wa 'Adná 'Allā Tartābū 'Illā 'An Takūna Tijāratan ĤāĐiratan Tudīrūnahā Baynakum Falaysa `Alaykum Junāĥun 'Allā Taktubūhā Wa 'Ash/hidū 'Idhā Tabāya`tum Wa Lā YuĐārra Kātibun Wa Lā Shahīdun Wa 'In Taf`alū Fa'innahu Fusūqun Bikum Wa Attaqū Allāha Wa Yu`allimukumu Allāhu Wa Allāhu Bikulli Shay'in `Alīmun
O you who believe, if you borrow for a future period, then you shall record it. And let a scribe of justice record it for you; and let not the scribe refuse to record as God has taught him. Let him record and let the person who is borrowing dictate to him, and let him be aware of God, and let him not reduce from it anything. If the one who is borrowing is immature or weak or he cannot dictate himself, then let his guardian dictate with justice; and bring two witnesses from among your men; if there are not two men, then a man and two women from whom you will accept their testimony, so that if one of them becomes blindsided, then the one can remind the other. And let the witnesses not refuse to come if they are called. And do not fail to record it no matter how small or large until its maturity. That is more just with God and better for the testimony, and better that you do not have doubts; except if it is a trade to be done on the spot between you, then there is no sin upon you if you do not record it. And have evidence if you trade. No scribe shall be harmed nor any witness; for if you do so then it is a wickedness on your part, and be aware of God and God teaches you and God is aware of all things.
9:8
كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ لاَ يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلاّ ً وَلاَ ذِمَّة ً يُرْضُونَكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَى قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ
Kayfa Wa 'In Yažharū `Alaykum Lā Yarqubū Fīkum 'Illāan Wa Lā Dhimmatan YurĐūnakum Bi'afwāhihim Wa Ta'bá Qulūbuhum Wa 'Aktharuhum Fāsiqūna
How is it that when they come upon you they disregard all ties, either those of kinship or of pledge. They seek to please you with their words, but their hearts deny, and the majority of them are wicked.
9:32
يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَه ُُ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ
Yurīdūna 'An Yuţfi'ū Nūra Allāhi Bi'afwāhihim Wa Ya'bá Allāhu 'Illā 'An Yutimma Nūrahu Wa Law Kariha Al-Kāfirūna
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In their formulation we have drawn from the work of ...
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